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Cardiovascular Physiology

Exercise Physiology

Physiology Of The Cardiopulmonary System / Cardiorespiratory System / Cardiovascular System

The Heart

The primary purpose of the heart and lungs is to deliver oxygen and other nutrients to the bodies muscle cells and carry carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the muscle cells. Blood pressure is systolic over diastolic, which is typically 120/80 for a healthy individual. During systole, the cardiac cycle contraction phase, the atria contract which pumps blood to the ventricles, then less than a second later, the ventricles contract which pumps blood to the body and lungs. During diastole, the cardiac cycle relaxation phase, the heart muscle relaxes and blood fills both left and right chambers. This is also the time when the heart receives blood flow and it’s oxygen supply.

Cardiac Output

The Cardiac Output is the amount of blood that flows from the ventricles per minute. The cardiac output is the heart rate times the stroke volume. Q is the cardiac output, HR is the heart rate, SV is the stroke volume.

Q = HR X SV

Ejection Fraction

The amount of blood during diastole is not always completely pumped out, some blood typically remain, especially during resting. The amount of blood that is ejected at the end of diastole during heart contractions is call the Ejection Fraction.

Oxygen Extraction At The Muscles

The bodies ability to extract oxygen from the blood to the muscles is Oxygen Extraction At The Muscles, which is a function of hemoglobin and the bodies ability to take oxygen from the hemoglobin to the working muscle cells.

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